What is Chromogenic Staining?
Chromogenic staining refers to a type of tooth discolouration caused by the activity of certain bacteria in the mouth. These bacteria produce pigmented compounds that stick to the enamel, creating noticeable stains that can be frustrating to remove with regular brushing alone.
Unlike other types of discolouration caused by food, drink, or smoking, chromogenic staining often appears in younger individuals, though it can affect people of all ages.
Chromogenic staining in a child, image taken from Seymour Dental
What Does Chromogenic Staining Look Like?
Chromogenic staining typically presents as black, brown, green, or orange lines or patches on the teeth, often near the gumline. These stains can vary in intensity but are usually most visible on the front teeth and molars.
The unique colours result from the pigments produced by chromogenic bacteria, particularly Actinomyces species. These bacteria thrive in certain oral environments.
Causes of Chromogenic Staining
Several factors contribute to chromogenic staining, including:
Poor Oral Hygiene: Insufficient brushing or flossing allows chromogenic bacteria to flourish.
Dietary Habits: Certain foods and drinks may encourage bacterial growth.
Saliva Composition: Saliva that is rich in certain proteins can provide the ideal environment for chromogenic bacteria.
Plaque Buildup: Plaque provides a sticky surface for bacteria to colonise and create pigments.
Preventing Chromogenic Staining
Maintaining a strong oral hygiene routine is essential to preventing chromogenic staining. Here are some tips:
Brush and Floss Regularly: Use a fluoride toothpaste to remove plaque effectively. Consider an electric toothbrush for a deeper clean.
Professional Cleanings: Regular visits to your dentist or hygienist ensure plaque and bacteria are kept at bay.
Monitor Your Diet: Reducing sugary and starchy foods can help limit bacterial growth.
Consider Antibacterial Mouthwash: Certain rinses can reduce chromogenic bacterial activity.
Sealants or Protective Treatments: In some cases, dentists may apply a protective sealant to vulnerable teeth.
Treatment of Chromogenic Staining
If you’re already experiencing chromogenic staining, professional treatment is the most effective solution. Dentists may recommend:
Professional Cleaning: Scaling and polishing remove stains and underlying plaque.
Microabrasion: This gentle technique can eliminate deeper stains on the enamel.
Whitening Treatments: Once the bacterial activity is addressed, whitening treatments can brighten your smile further.
Preventive Education: Your dentist can offer tailored advice to prevent stains from returning.
When to See a Dentist
If you notice unusual discolouration, it’s best to consult your dentist. Chromogenic staining can sometimes be mistaken for other dental issues like decay or calculus buildup, which also require professional attention. A thorough examination ensures the right diagnosis and treatment.
Conclusion
Chromogenic staining can be frustrating, but it’s treatable and preventable with the right care. By staying on top of your oral hygiene and working closely with your dentist, you can keep your teeth healthy, bright, and free from discolouration caused by bacterial activity.
Still got questions?
If you want to speak to one of our dentists for some personalised advice about a staining, click the button below and get in touch :)