Neonatal Teeth
Last updated: 24th July 2024
Written by Dr Zaeem Jafri
Causes | Characteristics | Diagnosis | Treatment | Speak to a dentist
Neonatal teeth, also known as natal teeth, are teeth present in the mouth at birth or emerge within the first 30 days of life.
These teeth are relatively rare and can be a cause of concern for new parents.
This guide provides an overview of neonatal teeth, their causes, potential complications, and management strategies.
What are neonatal teeth?
Neonatal teeth are teeth that are present at birth (natal teeth) or emerge within the first month of life (neonatal teeth).
They typically appear in the lower front gum (mandibular incisor region) but can also be found in other locations. These teeth can either be part of the normal primary dentition or supernumerary (extra) teeth.
Neonatal tooth
Causes of Neonatal Teeth
The exact cause of neonatal teeth is not well understood, but several factors may contribute to their development:
Genetics: A family history of neonatal teeth can increase the likelihood of their occurrence.
Syndromes and Conditions: Certain medical conditions and syndromes, such as Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, Sotos syndrome, and Hallermann-Streiff syndrome, are associated with neonatal teeth.
Environmental Factors: Nutritional deficiencies or endocrine disturbances during pregnancy might play a role.
Characteristics of Neonatal teeth
Appearance: Neonatal teeth are usually smaller and have a yellowish or whitish hue. They often have a poorly developed root structure.
Mobility: Due to their underdeveloped roots, neonatal teeth can be quite mobile.
Position: They typically appear in the lower front gums but can also emerge in the upper front gums or other areas.
Potential Complications
Feeding Difficulties: Neonatal teeth can interfere with breastfeeding, causing discomfort for both the infant and the mother.
Risk of Aspiration: loose neonatal teeth pose a risk of detachment and aspiration into the infant’s airway.
Ulceration: The presence of neonatal teeth can lead to ulceration on the underside of the tongue, a condition known as Riga-Fede disease.
Infection and Decay: Due to their underdeveloped structure, these teeth can be prone to infection and decay.
Diagnosing Neonatal Teeth
Diagnosis of neonatal teeth is usually clinical, based on visual inspection.
A dentist or paediatrician may perform a physical examination to determine the tooth's mobility and underlying gum structure.
Radiographic imaging (X-rays) can be used to assess root development and differentiate between natal/neonatal teeth and other oral anomalies. However, this is rarely required.
Treatment of Neonatal Teeth
Observation: In many cases, neonatal teeth do not require immediate intervention and can be left in place if they are stable and not causing complications.
Extraction: If the teeth are highly mobile, causing feeding difficulties, or pose a risk of aspiration, extraction may be recommended. A pediatric dentist should perform this procedure under appropriate analgesia.
Riga-Fede Disease Management: Protective measures such as applying a soft barrier or using a dental appliance can help if ulceration occurs. In severe cases, extraction of the tooth may be necessary.
Parental Guidance: Parents should be educated about maintaining oral hygiene for their infant, including gently cleaning the gums and teeth with a soft cloth or infant toothbrush.
Conclusion
While neonatal teeth can be a source of anxiety for parents, they are typically manageable with proper care and attention.
Early consultation with a pediatric dentist can ensure that any complications are addressed promptly, ensuring the well-being of the infant.
For any concerns regarding neonatal teeth, parents should seek advice from healthcare professionals to determine the best course of action.
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